Software has emerged as an essential part of mobile telecommunication networks for the efficient and effective operation of the 5G and 6G systems. This trend is evident in several network processes, among others in network programmability, management and security,
while it has enabled automation in service and resource management processed with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) mechanisms. A key role for enabling programmability in telecommunication is played by Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and frameworks. Indeed, APIs are considered as the main way to harvest and expose the capabilities of 6G networks. On the one hand, APIs enable standardized, seamless interaction between software components and network services, supporting features like capability exposure, edge computing, AI/ML, and integration of other technology domains like cloud computing, data analytics and Internet of Things. APIs facilitate the integration of complex 6G use cases, enhancing interoperability and supporting dynamic service creation and management. On the other hand, API frameworks provide reusable components that address network programmability, scalability, intelligent operations, and security. They accelerate the development of high-performance use cases for 6G by ensuring consistent and structured solutions. Frameworks are essential for managing the dynamic, scalable nature of 6G networks and driving innovation. In the network management domain, 6G networks are poised to revolutionize the telecommunications landscape by intelligently supporting a vast number of simultaneous and heterogeneous network slices tailored to various vertical use cases. However, this advancement brings forth challenges related to scalability and sustainability, particularly in the deployment of AI-driven zero-touch Management and Orchestration (MANO) of End-toEnd (E2E) slices under stringent Service Level Agreements (SLAs). To address these challenges, next-generation networks will incorporate mechanisms at multiple levels to optimize resource allocation for enhanced service management. Several enablers have been identified that support the challenges. In the context of security in 6G networks, a wide range of topics is considered, including but not-limited to Secure Onboarding, SOAR (Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response)-enhanced 6G Orchestration, Decentralized Security Analytics, Remote Attestation, Privacy-Aware Orchestration, Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) Sharing and Trustworthiness assessment of network components. All These elements collectively contribute to a secure and trustworthy 6G network environment, while safeguarding user privacy and responding effectively to emerging threats. Software, with APIs, frameworks, enablers, as well as advanced and tailored security, transforms 6G into a dynamic, intelligent, and secure platform capable of meeting the
demands of future applications. These elements collectively drive innovation, scalability, and reliability while ensuring that 6G networks remain adaptable and resilient in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.

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